Topic Cluster

Classical Mechanics

Motion, forces, energy, momentum, and the laws that govern everything from baseballs to planets.

Potential energy diagram showing a ball raised to height h with the PE = mgh formula

Potential Energy: Definition, Types & Formula

Potential energy is stored energy an object has due to its position or configuration. Learn the PE = mgh formula, the main types, real-world examples and step-by-step worked problems.

12 min read

Gravitational potential energy diagram showing PE = mgh for a mass at height h

Classical Mechanics

What Is Gravitational Potential Energy?

Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object stores because of its height. This guide explains the PE = mgh formula, works through eight problems, clears up common misconceptions, and includes an interactive energy-conservation lab.

12 min read

Hooke's Law force-extension graph showing F = kx and a stretched spring

Classical Mechanics

What Is Hooke’s Law?

Hooke's Law (F = kx) explains how springs stretch in proportion to force. A clear guide to the spring constant, elastic potential energy, the elastic limit and 8 worked examples.

14 min read

Free-body diagram of tension force pulling upward on a hanging mass

Classical Mechanics

What Is Tension Force?

Tension force is the pulling force in a rope, string or cable. Learn the formula T = m(g + a), see seven worked examples, clear up common myths, and try the interactive lab.

12 min read

Simple harmonic motion diagram of a mass on a spring oscillating about its equilibrium position

Classical Mechanics

What Is Simple Harmonic Motion?

A clear, exam-ready guide to simple harmonic motion — what it is, the key formulas, real-world examples, seven worked problems, and an interactive lab showing how displacement, velocity, and acceleration change over time.

13 min read

Momentum and impulse diagram showing p = mv and the impulse-momentum theorem J = FΔt

Classical Mechanics

What Are Momentum and Impulse?

Momentum and impulse explained from scratch: what they are, the p = mv and J = FΔt formulas, conservation of momentum, elastic vs inelastic collisions, and eight fully worked examples.

13 min read

Conservation of momentum diagram showing total momentum before and after a collision

Classical Mechanics

What Is Conservation of Momentum?

Conservation of momentum explained simply: the formula, elastic and inelastic collisions, eight worked examples, common misconceptions, and an interactive collision lab for students.

13 min read

Classical Mechanics

What Is Terminal Velocity?

Terminal velocity is the steady top speed a falling object reaches when air drag balances its weight. Learn the formula, see worked examples from skydivers to raindrops, and try an interactive lab.

13 min read

Work done in physics diagram showing force, displacement and the W = F d cos θ formula

Classical Mechanics

What Is Work Done in Physics?

Work done in physics is the energy a force transfers when it moves an object. This guide explains the W = F d cos θ formula with real examples, seven worked problems and an interactive lab.

16 min read

Kinetic energy formula KE = ½mv² illustrated with a speeding car and energy bars

Classical Mechanics

The Kinetic Energy Formula Explained

The kinetic energy formula KE = ½mv² explained in plain English — with units, the work–energy theorem, real-world examples and seven worked problems.

11 min read

Diagram of projectile motion showing the parabolic trajectory, launch angle, range and maximum height

Classical Mechanics

Projectile Motion: A Complete Guide

Projectile motion explained simply: learn the range formula R=v²sin(2θ)/g, max height, and time of flight with clear diagrams, worked examples and a free lab.

12 min read

Classical Mechanics

What Is Friction?

Friction is the force that resists sliding between two surfaces. This guide explains what friction is, the f = μN formula, static vs kinetic types, real-world examples, and eight worked problems.

13 min read

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