p = m·v impulse J = F·Δt = Δp

Momentum: Mass in motion, impulse and the change in momentum. This free calculator solves for Momentum, impulse, collisions and shows every step.

The physics

Momentum is mass in motion, and total momentum is conserved in any collision with no external forces. Impulse — force applied over time — equals the change in momentum, which is why crumple zones and airbags (longer Δt) reduce the force in a crash.

Worked example

A 1000 kg car at 20 m/s. p = 1000·20 = 20,000 kg·m/s. Stopping it in 2 s needs F = Δp/Δt = 10,000 N.

Common uses

Vehicle crash analysis, rocket propulsion and recoil, billiards and sports impacts, particle physics.

Frequently asked questions

What is the formula for Momentum?

Momentum uses the formula p = m·v. Mass in motion, impulse and the change in momentum.

How do you calculate Momentum?

Choose which variable to solve for, enter the values you know (in any supported unit), and the calculator substitutes them into p = m·v and shows every step of the working. It can solve for Momentum, impulse, collisions.

Is the Momentum calculator free to use?

Yes — every Physics Fundamentals calculator is completely free, with no login, no ads and no usage limits.